So today we took the final notes for out test tomorrow
- The senators saw caesar rise to power a threat to political viability
- They lured him into the senate and stabbed him 23 times
- Octavian was named heir to the throne
- Octavian takes over at 18, own triumvirate, grandnephew of caesar, Mark Antony general, Lepidus powerful politician
- second triumvirate
- Octavian forces the weak Lepidus to retire
- He and Mark antsy become rivals
- Mark Antony partner up with Cleopatra
- militarily
- personally
- politically
- economically
- Octavian defeats them at the battle of Actium
- Octavian is the unchallenged ruler of Rome
- given the honorific " Augustus"
- also given the title "imperator"
- where we get the word emperor
- Rome is now a empire no longer a republic
- 4o years of ruling as emperor (27b.c.-14 a.d.)
- began a stable era of peace and prosperity known as the Pax Romana
- lasted 207 years long (27 B.C.-180 A.D.)
- expanded the Roman Empire further into Africa
- sets up a civil service to run the govt./empire
- built network of roads
- collecting taxes
- established postal service
- administer grain supply
- built awesome public facilities
- built aqueducts
- set up a police dept.
- running a fire fighting organization
- finally died of natural causes
- after Augustus death, power was passed down to emperors
- some good, bad, and insane
- Tiberius
- ruled (A.D. 14-A.D. 37)
- excellent general, reluctant emperor
- after death of his son, he exiled himself from Rome and left his prefects in charge
- died at age 77
- Caligula
- ruled A.D 37- A.D. 41 (only 4 years)
- won a power struggle
- known for his cruelty, extravagance and persists- insane tyrant
- assassinated by a group of praetorian guards, senator, imperial court
- tried to reestablish republic
- Claudius
- AD 41-54
- suffered many infirmities: a limp, stammering, shaking, slobbering, possibly because of cerebral palsy
- took over because he was the last adult male in family
- ruled well- built roads, aqueducts, canals, started the conquest of Britain
- died by poisoning- last wife plan (wanted her son Nero to rise to power)
- Nero
- Ruled 54-68
- emphasized the arts
- huge fire in 64 (although he didn't fiddle)
- wanted to rebuild Rome to be more majestic
- he hugely overspent, raided temples
- Historians do not like him
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