wars of punic and Julius caesar

So today we went over the rest of our notes before our test Thursday

• First punic war (264-146) B.C.
• three wars
• Rome vs Carthage

• First punic war (264-241)
• naval battles for control of Sicily 
• Rome wins

• Second punic war
• 29 year old general Hannibal almost does the impossible taking Rome
• attack from the north after crossing the alps and Spain 
• lays siege for 15 years but lose
• Rome wins (218-201)

• Third punic war (149-146)
• Rome wanted to finally remove the threat of Carthage
• scipio,Tiberius, gracchus and others mercilessly attacked the city
• Carthage was burned for 17 days everything was destroyed
• When the war ended 50,000 Carthage, and 150,000 greek slaves poured into Rome
• By the end of the 2nd century B.C. over 1 million slaves in Italy
• Small farmers lost their farms to aristocrats because they coolant pay their debt
• slaves did the farm work for the rich
• Big farms became estates called latifundia

• Poet Juvenal said Rome " anxiously hopes for 2 things bread and entertainment
• Bread ( free grain from the states), entertainment ( colosseum )
• Tiberius Gracchus recognized the advantages of courting the plebians
• Military generals worked that angle- lead an army that conquers a land, give them a share in the spoils
• soldiers loyalty was to their military leaders not necessarily to Rome or the republic
• Julius caesar (100-44) B.C.
• highly successful general
• conquered the huge territory of gaul
• Made common folks happy
• made friends in high places
• Pompey (general who conquered syria, Palestine)  
• Crassus (richest man in rome and one of the richest men in the worlds history) 
• The 3 men formed the triumvirate
• " Rule of men"
• Crossing the rubicon 
• once you have made a decision you can never go back
• serves as consul 
• appoints himself governor of gaul
• his armies clash with pompous in Greece, Asia , Spain, and Egypt 
• in 44 B.C.
• he is named dictator first six months, then for life
• grants citizenship to people in provinces 
• expands senate, adds his friends
• create jobs for the poor 
• increase pay for soldiers
• started colonies where those without land could own property.

Sic Semper Tyrannis